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An Act To Create a Community Protection Order To Allow Courts To Prevent High-risk Individuals from Possessing Firearms
Be it enacted by the People of the State of Maine as follows:
Sec. 1.  15 MRSA c. 16  is enacted to read:
CHAPTER 16
COMMUNITY PROTECTION ORDERS
SUBCHAPTER 1
GENERAL PROVISIONS
§ 401. Definitions
As used in this chapter, unless the context otherwise indicates, the following terms have the following meanings.
 
1.  Community protection order.     "Community protection order" means a written order signed by the court that prohibits and enjoins temporarily, if issued pursuant to subchapter 2, or on an extended basis, if issued pursuant to subchapter 3, a named individual from having a firearm in that individual's custody or control or owning, purchasing, possessing or receiving or attempting to purchase or receive a firearm.
 
2.  Family or household member.     "Family or household member" has the same meaning as in Title 19-A, section 4002, subsection 4.
 
3.  High-risk individual.     "High-risk individual" means an individual who presents an imminent and substantial risk of serious bodily injury or death to the individual or to another individual and:
 
A.  Has a mental illness that may be controlled by medication but has not demonstrated a pattern of voluntarily and consistently taking the individual's medication while not under supervision; or
 
B.  Is the subject of documented evidence that would give rise to a reasonable belief that the individual has a propensity for violent or emotionally unstable conduct.
 
The fact that an individual has been released from a mental health facility or has a mental illness that is currently controlled by medication does not establish that the individual presents an imminent and substantial risk of serious bodily injury or death to the individual or to another individual for the purposes of this chapter. As used in this subsection, "mental illness" has the same meaning as in section 3318-A, subsection 1, paragraph B.
 
4.  Restrained individual.     "Restrained individual" means an individual who is the subject of a community protection order.
SUBCHAPTER 3
ISSUE OF TEMPORARY COMMUNITY PROTECTION ORDERS
§ 411. Petition
A law enforcement officer or a family or household member of a high-risk individual may file a petition requesting that the court issue a temporary community protection order prohibiting and enjoining the high-risk individual who is the subject of the petition from having in that individual's custody or control or owning, purchasing, possessing or receiving a firearm or attempting to purchase or receive a firearm. A petition for a temporary community protection order must describe any firearm that the petitioner reasonably believes the high-risk individual possesses or controls.
§ 412. Procedure for issuance of temporary community protection order
 
1.  Required findings by court.     Following review of the petition filed pursuant to section 411, a court may issue a temporary community protection order only if the court finds by clear and convincing evidence that there is cause to believe both of the following:
 
A.  The subject of the petition is a high-risk individual; and
 
B.  A temporary community protection order is necessary to prevent serious bodily injury or death to the subject of the petition or to another person.
 
2.  Testimony or affidavit under oath.     The court, before issuing a temporary community protection order, shall examine under oath the petitioner and any witness the petitioner may produce after informing the petitioner and any witness that false testimony made under oath is perjury, as defined in Title 17-A, section 451, and is a Class C crime. In lieu of examining the petitioner and witness, the court may require the petitioner and witness to submit a written affidavit signed under oath. An affidavit supporting a petition for the issuance of a temporary community protection order must set forth the facts tending to establish the grounds of the petition or the reason for believing that the grounds exist.
 
3.  Determination on same day.     The court shall issue or deny a temporary community protection order on the day that the petition is submitted to the court.
 
4.  Ex parte order.     The court may issue a temporary community protection order on an ex parte basis.
§ 413. Contents of order
A temporary community protection order issued pursuant to this subchapter must include all of the following:
 
1.  Grounds.     The finding of facts by the court supporting the issuance of the temporary community protection order;
 
2.  Hearing.     The date, time and place at which a hearing on the temporary community protection order will be held pursuant to section 421; and
 
3.  Notice.     The following notice:
 
"To (name of restrained individual): A hearing will be held, in the District Court, on the question as to whether an extended community protection order is issued against you. You are required to surrender all firearms that you own or possess in accordance with the Maine Revised Statutes, Title 15, section 414 and you may not have a firearm in your custody or control or own, purchase, possess or receive or attempt to purchase or receive a firearm while this order is in effect. You may seek the advice of an attorney as to any matter connected with the order."
§ 414. Effect of temporary community protection order; surrender of firearm
 
1.  Effect.     A temporary community protection order prohibits and enjoins the restrained individual from having a firearm in the restrained individual's custody or control or owning, purchasing, possessing or receiving or attempting to purchase or receive a firearm.
 
2.  Surrender order.     Upon issuance of a temporary community protection order, the court shall order the restrained individual to surrender to a local law enforcement agency all firearms in the restrained individual's custody or control or that the restrained individual possesses or owns.
 
3.  Surrender of firearm; warrantless search or seizure prohibited.     A restrained individual subject to a surrender order issued pursuant to subsection 2, after having been served with a temporary community protection order and upon request of a law enforcement officer, shall immediately surrender all firearms in a safe manner to the control of the officer. This subsection does not authorize a law enforcement officer to perform a warrantless search or seizure if a warrant would otherwise be required.
§ 415. Term of order
A temporary community protection order expires 21 days from the date the order is issued.
§ 416. Law enforcement officer responsibilities
Following the issuance of a temporary community protection order and a surrender order by a court pursuant to this subchapter, a law enforcement officer must be directed to serve the community protection order. The law enforcement officer shall:
 
1.  Serve order.     Serve the temporary community protection order on the restrained individual as soon as practicable after issuance if the restrained individual can reasonably be located;
 
2.  File with court.     File with the court a copy of the temporary community protection order and an inventory of all firearms surrendered as a result of the service of the temporary community protection order as soon as practicable after the surrender of the firearms; and
 
3.  Database.     Have the temporary community protection order entered into the database for protection orders maintained by the Department of Public Safety.
§ 417. Retention and return of firearm
 
1.  Firearms retained by law enforcement agency.     A law enforcement agency shall retain any firearm surrendered to a law enforcement officer or law enforcement agency pursuant to section 414 until the expiration of the temporary community protection order that has been issued against the restrained individual, unless an extended order is issued pursuant to section 421.
 
2.  Return of firearm.     Upon the later of the expiration of a temporary community protection order and the expiration of an extended community protection order, the law enforcement agency shall return any firearm surrendered by the restrained individual to the restrained individual. The law enforcement agency may dispose of an unclaimed firearm in accordance with Title 25, section 3503-A.
 
3.  Law enforcement agency held harmless for damage to firearm.     A law enforcement agency must be held harmless for any unintentional damage to a firearm surrendered pursuant to section 414 arising from the prudent and reasonable transportation and storage of the surrendered firearm.
 
4.  Return to other claimant.     If a person other than the restrained individual claims title to a firearm surrendered pursuant to section 414 and the person is determined by the law enforcement agency that has custody of the firearm to be the lawful owner of the firearm, the law enforcement agency shall return the firearm to that other person.
SUBCHAPTER 5
ISSUE OF EXTENDED COMMUNITY PROTECTION ORDERS
§ 421. Hearing
Within 21 days after the date upon which the restrained individual was served a temporary community protection order, the District Court shall hold a hearing to determine if an extended community protection order should issue. At a hearing under this section, the petitioner has the burden of proving by clear and convincing evidence that both of the following are true:
 
1.  Significant danger to self or others.     The restrained individual poses a significant and continuing danger of causing serious bodily injury or death to the restrained individual or presents a continuing substantial risk of injury to another individual by having a firearm in that restrained individual's custody or control or owning, purchasing, possessing or receiving a firearm; and
 
2.  Necessary to prevent harm to self or others.     A community protection order is necessary to reduce the probability of substantial bodily injury to the restrained individual or another individual.
The prosecutor shall represent a petitioner at a hearing conducted pursuant to this section.
§ 422. Issuance of extended community protection order; term of order
 
1.  Issue.     If the court finds that the petitioner has met the burden of proof under section 421, the court shall issue an extended community protection order prohibiting the restrained individual from having in that individual's custody or control or owning, purchasing, possessing or receiving or attempting to purchase or receive a firearm.
 
2.  Term.     An extended community protection order issued pursuant to this subchapter expires 180 days from the date the order is issued.
§ 423. Dissolution of community protection order
If the court finds at a hearing under section 421 that there is not clear and convincing evidence to support the issuance of an extended community protection order, the court shall dissolve any temporary community protection order in effect and may not issue an extended community protection order.
§ 424. Return of firearm
Upon the expiration of an extended community protection order pursuant to section 422, subsection 2 or the dissolution of a community protection order pursuant to section 423, any firearm surrendered by the individual who was the subject of the community protection order must be returned to that individual in accordance with section 417, subsection 2.
SUBCHAPTER 7
OFFENSE
§ 431. Offense
An individual who owns or possesses a firearm knowing that the individual is prohibited from doing so by a temporary community protection order issued pursuant to subchapter 3 or an extended community protection order issued after notice and a hearing pursuant to subchapter 5 commits a Class D crime. As part of any sentence, the court shall prohibit the individual from having in the individual's custody or control, owning, purchasing, possessing, receiving or attempting to purchase or receive a firearm for a 2-year period to commence upon the expiration of the community protection order.
Sec. 2. 19-A MRSA §4002, sub-§4, as amended by PL 2015, c. 296, Pt. C, §24 and affected by Pt. D, §1, is further amended to read:
 
4. Family or household members.   "Family or household members" means spouses or domestic partners or former spouses or former domestic partners, individuals presently or formerly living together as spouses, parents of the same child, adult household members related by consanguinity or affinity or minor children of a household member when the defendant is an adult household member and, for the purposes of Title 15, chapter 16, Title 15, section 1023, subsection 4, paragraph B-1 and Title 15, section 1094-B, this chapter and Title 17-A, sections 15, 207-A, 209-A, 210-B, 210-C, 211-A, 1201, 1202 and 1253 only, includes individuals presently or formerly living together and individuals who are or were sexual partners. Holding oneself out to be a spouse is not necessary to constitute "living as spouses." For purposes of this subsection, "domestic partners" means 2 unmarried adults who are domiciled together under long-term arrangements that evidence a commitment to remain responsible indefinitely for each other's welfare.
 
SUMMARY
This bill creates a community protection order to authorize a court to order a person to surrender that person's firearms temporarily for 21 days or on an extended basis for 180 days when it has been proved that the person poses a danger of causing personal injury to that person or another person. The bill provides that:
1. A law enforcement officer or a family or household member may file a petition for a temporary community protection order, which expires in 21 days. A temporary community protection order may be issued on an ex parte basis. The court is required to hold a hearing to determine if the temporary community protection order should be extended for an additional 180 days;
2. A person who is the subject of a community protection order is required to surrender all firearms in the person's possession to a law enforcement officer. The firearms must be returned to the person at the expiration of the community protection order; and
3. A person who possesses firearms in violation of a community protection order commits a Class D crime. Part of the sentence must include a prohibition on possession of firearms for an additional 2 years.