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An Act To Improve Workers' Compensation Protection for Injured Workers Whose Employers Have Wrongfully Not Secured Workers' Compensation Insurance
Be it enacted by the People of the State of Maine as follows:
Sec. 1.  39-A MRSA §102, sub-§16-A  is enacted to read:
 
16-A.  Prime contractor.     "Prime contractor" means a person that contracts with a person to perform work, but does not include an owner or occupant of real property who hires a prime contractor or subcontractor to perform work on that real property.
 
This subsection is repealed July 1, 2022.
Sec. 2.  39-A MRSA §102, sub-§18-A  is enacted to read:
 
18-A.  Subcontractor.     "Subcontractor" means a person who contracts with a prime contractor or another subcontractor to perform work.
 
This subsection is repealed July 1, 2022.
Sec. 3.  39-A MRSA §105-B  is enacted to read:
§ 105-B. Contractor's liability for subcontractors
 
1.  Liability.     Notwithstanding section 102, subsection 11, paragraph A, subparagraph (8), when a subcontractor fails to secure the payment of compensation required by this Act, the prime contractor is liable for compensation under this Act to the employees of the subcontractor unless there is an intermediate subcontractor who has secured the payment of compensation in conformity with this Act.
 
2.  Indemnification.     This subsection governs contractors' liability for subcontractors.
 
A.  A prime contractor or subcontractor or the prime contractor's or subcontractor's insurance carrier who becomes liable under subsection 1 for the payment of compensation on account of injury to or death of an employee of a subcontractor may recover from that subcontractor the amount of the compensation paid or for which liability is incurred and reasonable attorney's fees and expenses.
 
B.  A claim for recovery under paragraph A constitutes a lien against any money due or to become due to a subcontractor from the prime contractor or another subcontractor.
 
C.   A claim for recovery under paragraph A does not affect the right of an injured employee or the dependents of a deceased employee to recover compensation due from the prime contractor or subcontractor or the prime contractor's or subcontractor's insurance carrier.
 
3.  Exceptions.     This section does not apply to:
 
A.  A person who regularly operates a business or practices a trade, profession or occupation, whether individually or in partnership or association with other persons or as a member of a limited liability company, and who has not elected to be personally covered as provided in section 102, subsection 11, paragraph B;
 
B.  A person who has waived all the benefits and privileges provided by the workers' compensation laws as provided in section 102, subsection 11, paragraph A, subparagraphs (4) and (5); or
 
C.  An owner or occupant of real property who hires a prime contractor or subcontractor to perform work on that real property. The prime contractor or subcontractor hired by the owner or occupant is subject to this section.
 
4.  Effective date.     This section takes effect January 1, 2020.
 
5.  Repeal.     This section is repealed July 1, 2022.
Sec. 4.  39-A MRSA §205, sub-§4-A  is enacted to read:
 
4-A.  Payment of bills for medical or health care services prior to July 1, 2022.     Notwithstanding subsection 4, prior to July 1, 2022, when there is not an ongoing dispute, if bills for medical or health care services are not paid within 30 days after the carrier has received notice of nonpayment, $50 or the amount of the bill due, whichever is less, must be added and paid to the provider of the medical or health care services or, if the bill was paid by the employee, to the Employment Rehabilitation Fund under section 355 for each day over 30 days in which the bills for medical or health care services are not paid. Not more than $1,500 in total may be added pursuant to this subsection. For purposes of this subsection, "carrier" includes the Maine Insurance Guaranty Association under Title 24-A, chapter 57, subchapter 3.
 
This subsection is repealed July 1, 2022.
Sec. 5. 39-A MRSA §324, sub-§2, ¶A, as amended by PL 2007, c. 265, §1, is further amended to read:
 
A. Except as otherwise provided by section 205, if an employer or insurance carrier fails to pay compensation as provided in this section, the board may assess against the employer or insurance carrier a fine of up to $200 for each day of noncompliance. If the board finds that the employer or insurance carrier was prevented from complying with this section because of circumstances beyond its control, a fine may not be assessed.
 
(1) The fine for each day of noncompliance must be divided as follows: Of each day's fine amount, the first $50 is paid to the employee to whom compensation is due and the remainder must be paid to the board and be credited to the Workers' Compensation Board Administrative Fund.
 
(1-A) Notwithstanding subparagraph (1), prior to July 1, 2022, the fine for each day of noncompliance must be paid to the Employment Rehabilitation Fund under section 355.
 
This subparagraph is repealed July 1, 2022.
 
(2) If a fine is assessed against any employer or insurance carrier under this subsection on petition by an employee, the employer or insurance carrier shall pay reasonable costs and attorney's fees related to the fine, as determined by the board, to the employee.
 
(3) Fines assessed under this subsection may be enforced by the Superior Court in the same manner as provided in section 323.
 
(4) Notwithstanding subparagraph (3), prior to July 1, 2022, fines assessed under this subsection may be enforced by the Superior Court in the same manner as provided in section 361, subsection 2.
 
This subparagraph is repealed July 1, 2022.
Sec. 6.  39-A MRSA §355, sub-§10-A  is enacted to read:
 
10-A.  Employees working for uninsured employers.     The provisions of this subsection apply when an employee is working for an uninsured employer. For the purposes of this subsection, "uninsured employer" means an employer who has failed to secure the payment of compensation in conformity with this Act.
 
A.  The fund must be used to pay to an injured employee of an uninsured employer for whom there is no other responsible prime contractor or subcontractor the same benefits the employee would have received if the employer had secured coverage as required by this Act.
 
B.  The fund must be used to pay the costs of adjusting and representing the fund in any actions relating to claims for benefits made by employees working for uninsured employers.
 
C.  The board is entitled to recover from the uninsured employer the amount of the compensation paid under this subsection, interest and all other costs associated with the claim, including, but not limited to, adjusting and representing the fund.
 
D.  If an uninsured employer fails to reimburse the board as set forth in this subsection, the uninsured employer shall also pay the costs of recovering the amounts due, including reasonable attorney's fees.
 
E.  The board, by contract, may delegate day-to-day administration and adjusting of claims against the fund to a service agent. A service agent may subcontract with attorneys approved by the board to advise or represent the fund in actions under this subsection as necessary. Expenses of the service agent and attorneys retained by the service agent, upon approval by the board, are paid from the fund.
 
This subsection is repealed July 1, 2022.
Sec. 7.  39-A MRSA §359, sub-§2-A  is enacted to read:
 
2-A.  Penalty prior to July 1, 2022.     Notwithstanding subsection 2, prior to July 1, 2022, in addition to any other penalty assessment permitted under this Act, the board may assess civil penalties not to exceed $25,000 upon finding, after hearing, that an employer, insurer or 3rd-party administrator for an employer has engaged in a pattern of questionable claims-handling techniques or repeated unreasonably contested claims. The board shall certify its findings to the Superintendent of Insurance, who shall take appropriate action so as to bring any such practices to a halt. This certification by the board is exempt from the provisions of the Maine Administrative Procedure Act. The amount of any penalty assessed pursuant to this subsection must be directly related to the severity of the pattern of questionable claims-handling techniques or repeated unreasonably contested claims. All penalties collected pursuant to this subsection must be deposited in the Employment Rehabilitation Fund under section 355. An insurance carrier's payment of any penalty assessed under this subsection may not be considered an element of loss for the purpose of establishing rates for workers' compensation insurance.
 
This subsection is repealed July 1, 2022.
Sec. 8.  39-A MRSA §360, sub-§4, ¶D  is enacted to read:
 
D.  Notwithstanding paragraph C, prior to July 1, 2022, all penalties assessed under this section in connection with employees injured on or after the effective date of this paragraph are payable to the Employment Rehabilitation Fund under section 355.
 
This paragraph is repealed July 1, 2022.
Sec. 9.  39-A MRSA §362  is enacted to read:
§ 362. Payment to the Employment Rehabilitation Fund; enforcement; prior to July 1, 2022
Notwithstanding section 361, prior to July 1, 2022, the following provisions apply to penalties assessed under this Act.
 
1.  Payment.     All penalties assessed under this Act are payable to the Employment Rehabilitation Fund under section 355, unless otherwise provided by law.
 
2.  Enforcement and collection.     All penalties assessed under this Act are enforceable by the Superior Court under section 323.
 
A.  The Attorney General shall prosecute any action necessary to recover penalties payable to the Employment Rehabilitation Fund under section 355 or the board may retain private counsel for that purpose.
 
B.   If a person fails to pay a penalty assessed under this Act that is payable to the Employment Rehabilitation Fund under section 355 and enforcement by the Superior Court is necessary:
 
(1) That person shall pay the costs of prosecuting the action in Superior Court, including reasonable attorney's fees; and
 
(2) If the failure to pay was without due cause, any penalty assessed on that person under this Act must be doubled.
 
3.  Application; repeal.     This section applies notwithstanding section 361 and is repealed July 1, 2022.
 
SUMMARY
This bill amends the Maine Workers' Compensation Act of 1992 to create protections for injured workers whose employers have not secured workers' compensation insurance in accordance with current law. The bill creates liability for situations when an employee is injured while working for an uninsured subcontractor. In such situations, the prime contractor will be responsible for payment of workers' compensation benefits as if it were the direct employer of the injured employee, unless there is an intermediate subcontractor with workers' compensation insurance coverage, in which case, the intermediate subcontractor is responsible for payment of all benefits due under the Act. These provisions take effect January 1, 2020 and are repealed July 1, 2022.
The bill also amends the laws governing the Employment Rehabilitation Fund. Until July 1, 2022, the fund will be used to pay workers' compensation benefits to injured employees working for illegally uninsured employers when there is no other prime contractor or subcontractor liable for payment of benefits. Until July 1, 2022, the fund will not transfer a portion of its funds to the General Fund and penalties recovered for violations of the Maine Workers' Compensation Act of 1992 will be directed to this fund exclusively, instead of being shared with the Workers' Compensation Board Administrative Fund or the General Fund.